ABC of Sound Meters in Chinese Poetry Éù(sh¨¥ng)ÂÉ(l¨¸)Æô(q¨«)ÃÉ(m¨¥ng)(ÉϾí)
The Fourth, the character at the end of a line that pronounces with the sound of ¡°zh¨©¡± and its groups: ËÄ(s¨¬)Ö§(zh¨©): Ö§(zh¨©)Ö¦(zh¨©)Ö«(zh¨©)ÒÆ(y¨ª)Ϊ(w¨¦i)´¹(chu¨ª)´µ(chu¨©)Úé(p¨ª)±®(b¨¥i)Ææ(q¨ª)ÒË(y¨ª)ÒÇ(y¨ª)Ƥ(p¨ª)¶ù(¨¦r)Àë(l¨ª)Ê©(sh¨©)Öª(zh¨©)³Û(ch¨ª)³Ø(ch¨ª)¹æ(gu¨©)Σ(w¨¥i)ÒÄ(y¨ª)ʦ(sh¨©)×Ë(z¨©)³Ù(ch¨ª)¹ê(gu¨©)ü(m¨¦i)±¯(b¨¥i)Ö®(zh¨©)Ö¥(zh¨©)ʱ(sh¨ª)Ê«(sh¨©)Æå(q¨ª)Æì(q¨ª)´Ç(c¨ª)´Ê(c¨ª)ÆÚ(q¨©)ìô(c¨ª)»ù(j¨©)ÒÉ(y¨ª)¼§(j¨©)Ë¿(s¨©)˾(s¨©)¿û(ku¨ª)Ò½(y¨©)á¡(w¨¦i)˼(s¨©)×Ì(z¨©)³Ö(ch¨ª)Ëæ(su¨ª)³Õ(ch¨©)ά(w¨¦i)Ø´(zh¨©)÷ç(m¨ª)ó¤(ch¨©)÷â(hu¨©)ܯ(ch¨ª)ÃÖ(m¨ª)´È(c¨ª)ÒÅ(y¨ª)¼¡(j¨©)Ö¬(zh¨©)´Æ(c¨ª)Åû(p¨©)æÒ(x¨©)ʬ(sh¨©)Àê(l¨ª)´¶äØ(m¨¦i)Àé(l¨ª)×È(z¨©)²î(c¨©)Æ£(p¨ª)´Ä(c¨ª)±°(b¨¥i)¿÷(ku¨©)Þ¨(ru¨ª)Æï(q¨ª)Æç(q¨ª)áª(q¨ª)Ë(shu¨ª)˹(s¨©)äù(s¨©)˽(s¨©)¿ú(ku¨©)Îõ(x¨©)ÆÛ(q¨©)´Ã(c¨©)êß(z¨©)î¿(j¨©)ÒÍ(y¨ª)÷Ú(z¨©)ÒÃ(y¨ª)×Ê(z¨©)ÃÓ(m¨ª)¼¢(j¨©)Ë¥(cu¨©)׶(zhu¨©)ÒÌ(y¨ª)Ùç(ku¨ª)ìó(zh¨«)ÑÄ(zh¨«)[same as in the ¡°ji¨¡¡± and ¡°m¨¢¡± section]ÒÁ(y¨©)×·(zhu¨©)Ýé(sh¨©)ç»(z¨©)ݽ(q¨ª)»þ(j¨©)×µ(zhu¨©)î¼(p¨ª)óø(ch¨ª)ή(w¨§i)³×(ch¨ª)Æ¢(p¨ª)Ûæ(d¨«)áÚ(y¨ª)ÖÎ(zh¨¬)æê(l¨ª)ôë(j¨©)âù(y¨ª)Äá(n¨ª)äô(y¨©)Îþ(x¨©)âÂ(y¨ª)¶ø(¨¦r)ð·(ch¨©)ÍÆ(tu¨©)[same as in the ¡°hu¨©¡± section]Úï(chu¨ª)÷Î(ch¨©)´¸(chu¨ª)çÊ(l¨ª)Á§(l¨ª)Ùú(l¨¦i)àú(p¨¨i)ÞÂ(m¨ª)ÜÎ(q¨ª)»û(j¨©)ôË(x¨©)êØ(x¨©)ì¥(q¨©)â¢(y¨©)Æé(q¨ª)ÑÂ(y¨¢)ɸ(sh¨¡i)ʨ(sh¨©)òÏ(s¨©)Ëç(su¨ª)Ëä(su¨©)ôÒ(z¨©)´É(c¨ª)æË(l¨ª)ðê(y¨ª)Ω(w¨¦i)Ψ(w¨¦i)»ú(j¨©)êÈ(q¨ª)åÓ(ku¨ª)¿ù(ku¨©)ا(p¨©)Åþ(p¨ª)èÁ(p¨ª)õù(p¨ª)é¹(m¨¦i)ù(m¨¦i)ê¢(z¨©)ò¿(ch¨©)àÍ(ch¨©)æÊ(ch¨©)ït(s¨©)Ûõ(sh¨ª)ݪ(sh¨ª)öå(sh¨ª)ðË(c¨ª)ó×(ch¨©)Àì(l¨ª)êÝ(y¨ª)ìû(x¨«)àæ(y¨¬)Æä(q¨ª)ç÷(q¨ª)ì÷(q¨ª)÷è(q¨ª)èÙ(zh¨©)ð¿(l¨ª)ÀÛ(l¨¨i)õØ(ch¨ª)Åý(p¨ª)Æî(q¨ª)æë(q¨ª)ö¤(z¨©)×É(z¨©)î¡(su¨©)ظ(ku¨ª)ëÕ(zh¨©)÷¢(q¨ª)Éß(y¨ª)Úð(p¨ª)ä¿(q¨ª)Àö(l¨¬)ØË(s¨©)ÊÏ(zh¨©)ÙÒ(x¨©)Îû(x¨©)çù(q¨ª)âõ(n¨ª)ìä(x¨©)×Î(z¨©)î¾(l¨ª)´Å(c¨ª)ðô(w¨§i)Ëå(su¨©)åÔ(w¨¥i)Ûª(l¨¬)áÒ(m¨¦i)ÒÎ(y¨«)
²è(ch¨¢)¶Ô(du¨¬)¾Æ(ji¨³)£¬¸³(f¨´)¶Ô(du¨¬)Ê«(sh¨©)£¬Ñà(y¨¤n)×Ó(z¨«)¶Ô(du¨¬)ݺ(y¨©ng)¶ù(¨¦r)¡£ (Literal translation of the line: Tea vs. wine, poetic prose vs. poetry, sparrow vs. oriole.) The sixth character pronounces as ¡°sh¨©¡±. There are three pairs in the line.
ÔÔ(z¨¡i)»¨(hu¨¡)¶Ô(du¨¬)ÖÖ(zh¨¯ng)Öñ(zh¨²)£¬Âä(lu¨°)Ðõ(x¨´)¶Ô(du¨¬)ÓÎ(y¨®u)Ë¿(s¨©)¡£ (Literal translation of the line: Planting flowers vs. planting bamboo; willow catkins vs. spider¡¯s thread.) The last character pronounces as ¡°s¨©¡±. There are two pairs in the line.
Planting flowers vs. planting bamboo;
ËÄ(s¨¬)Ä¿(m¨´)ò¡(ji¨¦)£¬Ò»(y¨¬)Ö»(zh¨«)Ùç(ku¨ª)£¬ð¶(q¨²)ðÁ(y¨´)¶Ô(du¨¬)ðØ(l¨´)ð¸(s¨©)¡£ (Literal translation of the line: Ji¨¦ had four eyes vs. Ku¨ª who was one-legged. An egret vs. a myna.) The sixth character pronounces as ¡°ku¨ª¡± and the last character pronounces as ¡°s¨©¡±. There are two pairs in the line. Ji¨¦ refers to C¨¡ng Ji¨¦ who invented Chinese characters, and according to legends, he had four eyes. After he invented the Chinese characters, it rained and the devils cried at night. Ku¨ª was the highest authority in charge of music affairs in the royal court of Y¨¢o. Confucius once remarked that having one Ku¨ª would be enough to serve music affairs, and that was mistaken as Ku¨ª had only one leg.
°ë(b¨¤n)³Ø(ch¨ª)ºì(h¨®ng)ÝÕ(h¨¤n)ÝÌ(d¨¤n)£¬Ò»(y¨¬)¼Ü(ji¨¤)°×(b¨¢i)ݱ(t¨²)ÞÂ(m¨ª)¡£ (Literal translation of the line: Half of the pond is covered by red lotus vs. a tree of white wormwood.) The last character pronounces as ¡°m¨ª¡±. There are three pairs: half a pond vs. a tree; red vs. white; lotus vs. wormwood.
¼¸(j¨«)Õó(zh¨¨n)Çï(qi¨±)·ç(f¨¥ng)ÄÜ(n¨¦ng)Ó¦(y¨©ng)ºò(h¨°u)£¬Ò»(y¨¬)Àç(l¨ª)´º(ch¨±n)Óê(y¨³)Éõ(sh¨¨n)Öª(zh¨©)ʱ(sh¨ª)¡£ (Literal translation of the line: How much autumn wind can conform to the season? Spring rain at the first plough does know the timing.) The last character in the line pronounces as ¡°sh¨ª¡±. There are four pairs in the line: how much vs. the first plough; autumn wind vs. spring rain; can vs. does; conforming to vs. knowing the timing.
ÖÇ(zh¨¬)²®(b¨®)¶÷(¨¥n)Éî(sh¨¥n)£¬¹ú(gu¨®)Ê¿(sh¨¬)ÍÌ(t¨±n)±ä(bi¨¤n)ÐÎ(x¨ªng)Ö®(zh¨©)Ì¿(t¨¤n)£» Ñò(y¨¢ng)¹«(g¨ng)µÂ(d¨¦)´ó(d¨¤)£¬ÒØ(y¨¬)ÈË(r¨¦n)Êú(sh¨´)¶é(du¨°)Àá(l¨¨i)Ö®(zh¨©)±®(b¨¥i)¡£ (Literal translation of the line: To repay the deep love from Zh¨¬ B¨®, a state warrior swallowed a piece of burning charcoal to change his voice; the high virtue of Yang G¨ng was so touching, his countrymen erected a stone tablet and very often his countrymen would turn into tears when remembering him before the tablet.) The last character pronounces as ¡°b¨¥i¡±. There are seven pairs in the lines: Zh¨¬ B¨® vs. Yang G¨ng; favor vs. virture; deep vs. high; state warrior vs. countrymen; to swallow vs. erect; to change form vs. run tears; charcoal vs. stone tablet. The state warrior in the case was Y¨³ R¨¤ng, who wanted to repay the favors bestowed to him by Zh¨¬ B¨®. Zh¨¬ B¨® was murdered by his enemies. Y¨³ R¨¤ng wanted to revenge for him. In order not to be recognized by the enemy, Y¨³ R¨¤ng changed his appearance and swallowed a piece of burning charcoal to change his voice as well. Yang G¨ng did a lot for the local people during the ten years when he served as a military officer. On the day of his funeral service, all markets stopped business and every year when people offered sacrifices before his tomb, they would cry out and burst into tears before the stone tablet.
To move vs. stand still;
ÐÐ(x¨ªng)¶Ô(du¨¬)Ö¹(zh¨«)£¬ËÙ(s¨´)¶Ô(du¨¬)³Ù(ch¨ª)£¬Îè(w¨³)½£(ji¨¤n)¶Ô(du¨¬)Χ(w¨¦i)Æå(q¨ª)¡£ (Literal translation of the line: To move vs. stand still; being quick vs. being late; dancing with a sword vs. playing chess.) The third character pronounces as ¡°zh¨«¡±, the sixth character pronounces as ¡°ch¨ª¡± and the last character pronounces as ¡°q¨ª¡±. There are four pairs in the line: to move vs. to stand still; to be quick vs. to be late; to dance vs. to circle; sword vs. chess.
»¨(hu¨¡)¼ã(ji¨¡n)¶Ô(du¨¬)²Ý(c¨£o)×Ö(z¨¬)£¬Öñ(zh¨²)¼ò(ji¨£n)¶Ô(du¨¬)ë(m¨¢o)׶(zhu¨©)¡£ (Literal translation of the line: Letter head with flower patterns vs. grass style characters; bamboo slips vs. brush pens.) The fifth character pronounces as ¡°z¨¬¡± and the last character pronounces as ¡°zhu¨©¡±. There are two pairs in the line.
·Ú(f¨¦n)Ë®(shu¨«)¶¦(d¨«ng)£¬á(xi¨¤n)ɽ(sh¨¡n)±®(b¨¥i)£¬»¢(h¨³)±ª(b¨¤o)¶Ô(du¨¬)ÐÜ(xi¨®ng)î¼(p¨ª)¡£ (Literal translation of the line: A tripod from the F¨¦nshu¨« and a stone tablet at the Y¨¤nsh¨¡n Mountains; tiger and leopard vs. bear and brown bear.) The sixth character pronounces as ¡°b¨¥i¡± and the last character pronounces as ¡°p¨ª¡±. There are four pairs apparently.
»¨(hu¨¡)¿ª(k¨¡i)ºì(h¨®ng)½õ(j¨«n)Ðå(xi¨´)£¬Ë®(shu¨«)Ñú(y¨¤ng)±Ì(b¨¬)Áð(li¨²)Á§(l¨ª)¡£ (Literal translation of the line: Flower in blossom is so red and splendid; water in ripple is as green as gemstones.) The last character pronounces as ¡°l¨ª¡±. There are three pairs in the line: flower in blossom vs. water ripple; red vs. green; brocade vs. gemstone.
È¥(q¨´)¸¾(f¨´)Òò(y¨©n)̽(t¨¤n)ÁÚ(l¨ªn)Éá(sh¨§)Ôæ(z¨£o)£¬³ö(ch¨±)ÆÞ(q¨©)Ϊ(w¨¦i)ÖÖ(zh¨¯ng)ºó(h¨°u)Ô°(yu¨¢n)¿û(ku¨ª)¡£ (Literal translation of the line: Having terminated marriage because the wife was taking dates from the tree of the neighbor; ceasing the husband and wife relationship because the wife had planted some vegetable in the garden.) The last character pronounces as ¡°ku¨ª¡±. There are five pairs in the line: sending back the wife vs. asking the wife to leave; the cause vs. the reason; to find out vs. to plant; neighbor vs. rear garden; dates vs. vegetable. These are two stories. The first one is the wife of W¨¢ng J¨ª in the Western H¨¤n period, who picked up dates in her own courtyard, where fell from a tree of her neighbor that had grown into her space. When W¨¢ng found out this, he thought this was stealing and decided to divorce her. W¨¢ng only changed his mind after repeated persuasion of the neighbor who wanted to uproot their tree in order to force W¨¢ng to back up from his decision. The second one is the wife of G¨ng Y¨ªxi¨±, Prime Minister of the State of L¨³. The wife was growing vegetables and knitting. G¨ng thought such behavior was contending with those who lived on growing vegetables and knitting, and therefore wanted to divorce the wife.
